Koraújkori Történeti, Gazdaság- és Művelődéstörténeti Tanszék

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Browsing Koraújkori Történeti, Gazdaság- és Művelődéstörténeti Tanszék by Author "Dr. Kurucz György József"

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    A "jó királynő" emlékezetes cselekedete: az úrbéri rendelet
    (Bethlen Gábor Alapkezelő Zrt., 2023) Dr. Kurucz György József
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    Enlightenment, Modernization, Professional Training: Count György Festetics’s Role in Establishing Agricultural Higher Education in Hungary at the End of the Eighteenth Century
    (2022) Dr. Kurucz György József
    Western historical narratives of the Enlightenment tend to depict the eighteenth-century aristocracy as a unique promoter of overall progress, whereas Hungarian historiography is more inclined to appraise their role according to a deprecating approach based on the criticism of a traditional class system. However, it seems clear that a more balanced judgement of the Hungarian aristocracy should involve a complex analysis. In first place, it is to be decided whether erudite and financially well-off individuals existed, and if so, to what extent they were willing and capable of contributing to various forms of innovation, let alone social and cultural progress. For this reason, this paper is designed to focus on the activities of Count György Festetics, a Transdanubian Hungarian aristocrat who was educated in the Theresianum, an elite Viennese training institute, but whose career prospects were thwarted at the end of the eighteenth century on account of his involvement with the anti-Habsburg movement of Hungary’s lesser nobility on the death of Emperor Joseph II. This analysis seems justifiable, because Festetics’s decision to set up a farming college in Keszthely clearly shows his commitment to progress, aiming at the adaptation of modern methods as well as creating the institutional background for the dissemination of specialist knowledge among the various layers of contemporary society.
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    “Night Thoughts” and “Meditations among the Tombs”: The influence of English moralists on József Péczeli’s sermons and literary activities
    (Akadémiai Kiadó, 2020) Dr. Kurucz György József
    József Péczeli (1750–1792), a Calvinist minister educated at some of the outstanding German, Swiss and Dutch centres of knowledge, is mostly known for his editorial and publishing activities, including his translations of Voltaire’s dramas and epic works. However, this paper is meant to analyze the issues of calling and absolution as presented in “Moral Semons” edited and published by the “erudite minister of Révkomárom”. It argues that Péczeli’s sermons tend to show the influence of eighteenth century English theologians, thereby disseminating the ideas of modern practical theology, as well as interpreting and adapting them to the needs of young ministers serving in the communities of the various layers of contemporary Hungarian society.
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    The Finances of the Hungarian Aristocracy in Boom and Recession: The Credit Transactions of the Prince Esterházy, Batthyány and Festetics Families at the Turn of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
    (2021) Dr. Kurucz György József
    Based on primary sources, the present study is intended to reconstruct and analyze the process and levels of indebtedness of some of the outstanding Hungarian aristocratic families possessing large landed properties in the western region of Hungary, mainly in the Transdanubian counties. The author provides exact numerical data on the changes of the registered amounts of credit transactions, the stocks of assets and liabilities of the princely line of the Esterházy, Batthyány and the Keszthely branch of the Festetics families at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. He explores the various documents kept by the financial administrations of the families, including contemporary county mortgage records, which testify to an extremely lively lending and borrowing environment during the French Wars. The study concludes that devaluations and the financial crises of the Austrian Empire in the 1810s exerted an adverse effect on the finances of both the above families and contemporary ‘small investors’.