Kisebbségvédelem, XI. (2025)

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14834/11862

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Browsing Kisebbségvédelem, XI. (2025) by Subject "magyarság"

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    The importance of mother tongue education in exercising minority rights. The case of the ethnic Hungarian minority of Ukraine in Transcarpathia
    (Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem, 2025) Gyeney Laura; Tarpai Zsuzsanna
    This paper examines the legal framework governing the right to mother tongue education for national minorities, with a specific focus on the ethnic Hungarian community in Ukraine’s Transcarpathian region. It asks how recent Ukrainian legislative reforms, particularly since 2017, have reshaped or curtailed previously acquired language rights, and to what extent these changes align with international standards on minority protection. The study employs a legal-analytical methodology, systematically reviewing relevant international instruments, domestic Ukrainian legislation, and case law, alongside contextual political analysis. Special attention is given to the ambiguities in legal interpretation and implementation, as well as the evolving role of kin-state advocacy by Hungary. Findings reveal that while formal guarantees for minority language education still exist, their scope has been significantly reduced by recent education and language laws. Although a 2023 amendment restored certain rights for EU-language minorities, such as Hungarians, the broader legal and institutional environment remains fragile and politically contingent. The case study contributes to the literature by highlighting the central role of linguistic rights within the broader framework of minority protections and by demon strating how legal uncertainty and gradual legislative regression can erode previously established guarantees in this field. Its conclusions offer critical insights into the tension between nation-building and minority inclusion in post-Soviet and conflict-affected Ukraine.
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    Példaképek és korlátok. Dél-Tirol autonómiájának tanulságai Székelyföld számára
    (Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem, 2025) Gácser István János; Károli Gáspár Református Egyetem
    This study investigates whether the institutional system of South Tyrol’s autonomy can serve as a viable model for autonomy aspirations in Szeklerland, a region in Romania with a significant Hungarian population seeking larger territorial self-governance within the state. Using a comparative institutional analysis, the paper examines the structural and functional elements of South Tyrol’s autonomy statute. It evalu ates their potential transposability by analysing historical, constitutional, and sociolinguistic contexts, particularly focusing on the Bakk and Csapó autonomy proposals for Szeklerland. The study finds that South Tyrol offers several replicable institutions, such as ethnic quotas, linguistic parity, and the „Commission of Six”, that could theoretically support balanced governance in Szeklerland. However, substantial legal and political barriers exist. Romania’s constitutional framework precludes territorial autonomy, and the internal divisions among Hungarian minority stakeholders further complicate institutional consensus. This paper contributes to minority rights scholarship by identifying concrete mechanisms of institutional transfer and their limits in ethnically divided societies. It underscores that while South Tyrol’s autonomy remains a valuable international precedent, its full application in Szeklerland is constrained by divergent political realities. Understanding these differences is essential for realistic autonomy discourse in Romania.