Archaeology and Onmyōdō. Human-Shaped Ritual Objects Associated with Purification Rites and Curses
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Date
2025
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Abstract
This chapter examines human-shaped effigies (hitogata) and a unique type of ritual pottery characterized by human faces (jinmen bokusho doki)
from ancient Japan in the context of Onmyōdō, a tradition of blending elements from Daoism, esoteric Buddhism, and Shintō. Hitogata were used in purification and exorcism rituals by ritualists, acting as symbolic surrogates to absorb and remove defilements, thus restoring harmony. Based on specific archaeological finds, historical records, classical literature, and secondary sources, the study explores their origin, characteristics, and function in both state and private rituals. Additionally, jinmen doki are examined for their role in roadside rituals and spirit pacification, connecting the living with the spiritual realm. The research investigates their iconography, distribution, and ritual use, reflecting continental cosmological beliefs and Onmyōdō practices. By exploring the similarities and differences between these objects, the paper demonstrates their significance in ancient ritual practices, many of which were conducted by onmyōji practitioners.
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japán történelem, japán vallás, japán régészet, japán ókor, onmyodo, onmyoji, varázslat, megtisztulás, átok