Személyiség és Egészségpszichológiai Tanszék

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Szondi Lipót
(Új Mandátum Könyvkiadó, 1999) Kiss Enikő Csilla
Szondi Lipótot nyugodt szívvel nevezhetjük a lélek genetikusának. Egész életművének sarokköve egyrészt az emberi sors ösztönökre való lehorgonyozásának szándéka, másrész pedig – és ez új elem a freudi pszichoanalízishez képest – az ösztönök génekre való visszavezetésének a kísérlete. Szondi ösztönelméletének persze több lehetséges értelmezése is van. Legáltalánosabb értelemben egyfajta sorsanalízis, ahol az elődöktől örökölt gének és a választó én szabadsága egymást áthatva és befolyásolva szervezi az egyén életét. Egyfelől van valamifajta kényszer, amely a családi ősöktől áramlik felénk, akik ilyen módon is mintákat és sorslehetőségeket adnak számunkra. Másfelől van a saját szabadságunk, amellyel választunk a rendelkezésre álló minták és lehetőségek közül, amelyek némelyikét beépítjük, másokat viszont nem építünk be személyes sorsunkba. Ez tehát – Szondi zseniális kifejezésével élve – maga az irányítható fatalizmus: az emberi sors genetikailag behatárolt, mégis bizonyos mértékig előre látható és befolyásolható.
Open Access
A study of affective temperaments in Hungary: Internal consistency and concurrent validity of the TEMPS-A against the TCI and NEO-PI-R
(2008) Rózsa Sándor
Background TEMPS-A (Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego — Autoquestionnaire) is a new self-assessed temperament 110-item scale with depressive (D), cyclothymic (C), hyperthymic (H), irritable (I) and anxious (A) subscales. To date, it has been translated into 25 languages, and validated in 10. The present Hungarian version provides the most complete external validation across the Beck Depression Scale (BDI), Profile of Mood States (POMS), the BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory (BarOn EQ-i), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and the NEO Personality Inventory — Revised (NEO-PI-R). We were particularly interested in concurrent validation against the TCI and the NEO-PI-R, the most important of the new personality instruments. Methods 1132 clinically-well subjects (27% male) from the general population and university students (16–81 years) were administered the above scales and instruments. The data were tested with standard psychometric batteries. Results Factor analysis revealed 5 factors approximating the original D, C, I, H, and A subscales, which in their superfactor confirmed an Emotional (D, C, I, A) vs. Hyperthymic structure. Except for the D (a = 0.65), the Cronbach alpha for the remainder temperaments ranged from 0.75–0.81. Dominant temperaments ranged from the I (2.7%) to the C (4.2%); the highest prevalence was observed among men with C = 6% and H = 5.4%. The BDI and POMS correlated significantly with the relevant subscales, as did the BarOn. Of the many significant possible correlations with the TCI, the most noteworthy were novelty seeking and harm avoidance with D, A, C, as well as C, and persistence with H. As for the NEO-PI-R, we were struck by the positive correlation of openness with C, and conscientiousness negatively with C; most other positive correlations such as neuroticism with all temperaments but the hyperthymic were expected and strongly supportive of concurrent validity. Limitations Higher educational background of the subjects studied relative to that of the general population of Hungary. The distribution of the data may have in some instances deviated somewhat from the underlying assumptions for the standard psychometric tests for normality. We did not conduct test–retest reliability. Conclusions The factorial structure of the TEMPS-A shows good reliability and internal consistency. Although the superstructure is reminiscent of neuroticism–extraversion, within it are embedded discernible classical affective temperaments. A provocative finding is the high prevalence of cyclothymia in Hungarian males (6%), which is rather unique when compared with the other 10 countries studied to date. This finding, coupled with high male hyperthymia (5.4%), may explain the high lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorders reported from Hungary. Inter alia, our psychometric data along with the foregoing epidemiologic considerations, are very much in line with the cyclothymic-bipolar spectrum model proposed by the senior author [Akiskal, H.S., Djenderedjian, A.H., Rosenthal, R.H., Khani, M.K., 1977. Cyclothymic disorder: validating criteria for inclusion in the bipolar affective group. Am. J. Psychiatry 134, 1227–1233].
Open Access
Effects of a Mindfulness Based Intervention on Psychological Distress and Romantic Relationships: Results of a Pilot Study
(2016-04) Kiss Enikő Csilla; Vajda Dóra
Various studies have demonstrated that mindfulness-based programs are related to positive psychological and physical outcomes. This pilot study was set out to investigate the relational and individual benefits of mindfulness training in well-functioning couples. In this randomized trial, we assigned 28 couples to the 10-week mindfulness training program intervention group (N=14 couples) or to a waitlist control group (N=14 couples). Relationship quality, relationship stress, and psychological distress were measured with standardized instruments. The results indicate the benefits of the meditation training. Couples in the treatment group showed significantly reduced psychological distress, somatization, hostility, psychoticism and paranoid ideation symptoms in comparison to couples who did not receive the intervention. The current pilot study provides preliminary support for reducing stress and enhancing psychological well-being in the sample of relatively well functioning couples. Despite encouraging findings, several limitations affect present study. Suggestions are given for future research based on better designed methodology and for future directions of investigation.
Open Access
A Tellegen Abszorpciós Skála részletes pszichometriai elemzése
(2019) Rózsa Sándor
Open Access
The role of social support in the dietary behavior of coronary heart patients : an application of the health action process approach
(2019) Teleki Szidalisz; Zsidó András Norbert; Komócsi András; Lénárd László; Kiss Enikő Csilla; Tiringer István
Dietary behaviour plays a crucial role in both the onset and the management of coronary artery disease (CAD). To develop effective interventions to modify dietary behaviours of patients, it is fundamental to identify and examine the predictive factors that are relevant to healthy dietary behaviour. The Health Action Process Approach provides a useful framework for understanding and predicting the process of health behaviour. The aim of the current study is to clarify the role and effect of received social support in the HAPA model. A longitudinal sample of 117 CAD patients filled out a questionnaire at three time points. Along with HAPA constructs, dietary behaviour was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire. To investigate the longitudinal associations of the constructs, structural equation modelling with latent variables was employed. In the final model, outcome expectancies and pre-action self-efficacy jointly predicted behavioural intention. In the post-intentional phase, social support served as a mediator between intention and action planning. Moreover, coping planning mediated the relationship between action planning and dietary behaviour. These results confirmed the mediator role of social support in the intention-behaviour relationship. This finding suggests that social support can be a crucial component to facilitate healthy dietary behaviour.
Open Access
Uncovering the complex genetics of human character
(2020) Rózsa Sándor
Human personality is 30-60% heritable according to twin and adoption studies. Hundreds of genetic variants are expected to influence its complex development, but few have been identified. We used a machine learning method for genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to uncover complex genotypic-phenotypic networks and environmental interactions. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) measured the self-regulatory components of personality critical for health (i.e., the character traits of self-directedness, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence). In a discovery sample of 2149 healthy Finns, we identified sets of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that cluster within particular individuals (i.e., SNP sets) regardless of phenotype. Second, we identified five clusters of people with distinct profiles of character traits regardless of genotype. Third, we found 42 SNP sets that identified 727 gene loci and were significantly associated with one or more of the character profiles. Each character profile was related to different SNP sets with distinct molecular processes and neuronal functions. Environmental influences measured in childhood and adulthood had small but significant effects. We confirmed the replicability of 95% of the 42 SNP sets in healthy Korean and German samples, as well as their associations with character. The identified SNPs explained nearly all the heritability expected for character in each sample (50 to 58%). We conclude that self-regulatory personality traits are strongly influenced by organized interactions among more than 700 genes despite variable cultures and environments. These gene sets modulate specific molecular processes in brain for intentional goal-setting, self-reflection, empathy, and episodic learning and memory.
Open Access
A gyermekpszichiátriában alkalmazott kérdőívek, interjúk és tünetbecslő skálák
(Állami Egészségügyi Ellátó Központ, 2020) Rózsa Sándor
Open Access
Gratitude, Religiousness and Well-Being
(2021) Ferenczi Andrea; Tanyi Zsuzsanna; Mirnics Zsuzsanna; Kovács Dóra; Mészáros Veronika; Hübner Andrea; Kövi Zsuzsanna
Background: Previous research has identified the positive effects of gratitude on happiness and well-being. It has been found that spirituality can enhance gratitude and well-being. Our study aimed to examine the link between gratitude and subjective well-being among religious and non-religious people. Furthermore, we tested if a 4-week long gratitude diary has a positive effect on subjective well-being. Subjects and methods: In our online, qualitative investigation the sample consisted of 54 males and 169 females (mean age = 39.13, SD=15.90). 54.1% of respondents regarded themselves as “religious with a given religion”, 24.8% as “religious on my own way”, and 21.2% as “non-religious”. The experimental group (leading a gratitude diary for 4 weeks) with 103 individuals and a control group with 120 individuals with no differences in age, gender, and religiousness. We compared the questionnaires’ results (filled out both before and after the intervention) of the experimental group (n=103) with the results of the control group (n=120) similarly filled out on two different occasions. We applied the Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test and the Subjective Well-being Scale. Results: Our results showed that religious people showed an elevated level of gratitude (F(2, 219)=23.66, p<0.001), but the same well-being (F(2, 219)=1.97, p=0.142) compared to non-religious groups. In the experiment group, gratitude and subjective well-being both increased (p<0.01), and there were no significant changes in the control group. 2x2 ANOVA showed significant interaction effect (Subjective well-being: (F(1, 221)=13.32, p<0.001); Gratitude: F(1, 221)=12.43, p<0.001). Conclusion: Religiousness is linked to higher gratitude and an increase in gratitude can result in an increase in subjective well-being. The importance of gratitude diary both among religious and non-religious people will be discussed.
Open Access
Relations Between God-Images and Early Maladaptive Schemas
(2021) Ferenczi Andrea; Mirnics Zsuzsanna; Kövi Zsuzsanna
Our God-image not only determines the nature of our relationship with God, it also influences our personality, actions, self-concept, mindset, and social relations. It acts within and through us. Although everyone has a God-image regardless of whether one is a believer or not-same congregation gives accounts of diverse God images. Schema is a widely used term in psychology. Schemas describe cognitive structures that filter, encode and interpret the stimuli affecting the person. They can influence the perception of reality, which later impacts the behavior and mood of the individual and in severe cases can result in pathology. The factors influencing the God-image and early maladaptive schemas both have proven roots in early childhood and are impacted by the child-parent relationship. Our research focuses on examining the connection between maladaptive schemas and the God-image and their relation to parental influence. Keywords: religiosity - God-image - early maladaptive schemas - attachment
Open Access
Role of received social support in the physical activity of coronary heart patients: The Health Action Process Approach
(2022) Teleki Szidalisz; Zsidó András Norbert; Lénárd László; Komócsi András; Kiss Enikő Csilla; Tiringer István
Physical activity (PA) plays a crucial role in the management of coronary artery disease (CAD). The Health Action Process Approach provides a useful framework for understanding and predicting the process of health behaviors. The aim of the current study was to unveil the role of received social support in the HAPA model, concerning the physical activity of CAD patients. A longitudinal sample of 117 CAD patients filled out a questionnaire during three measurement points (baseline, 2 months, and 6 months later). The constructs within the model were measured by the previously validated HAPA scales. PA was assessed with four items, which were also included in the HAPA questionnaire. To test the direct and indirect associations between the variables, structural equation modeling with latent variables was employed. Received social support was proven to have a significant and strong effect on both action planning and action control, suggesting a synergistic effect on the individual factors, as well as increasing the explained variance of PA. Results confirmed the important role of received social support in the PA of CAD patients. It could be presumed that strengthening the social support from family and friends could support the regular physical activity of CAD patients.
Open Access
The validity and reliability of the hungarian version of the brief work-family conflict questionnaire – an effective method to measure work-to-family and family-to-work conflict
(2022) Mészáros Veronika; Kövi Zsuzsanna; Blanch, Angel; Ferenczi Andrea; Tanyi Zsuzsanna; Karai Virág; Hittner, James Bryant; Kulig Barbara; Kovács Dóra; Smohai Máté; Ádám Szilvia
The current study aimed to investigate the validity and reliability of the Hungarian version of the brief Work-Family Conflict Questionnaire (Conflicto Trabajo – Familia, CCTF) using both homogeneous (social care workers, N = 206) and heterogeneous (N = 586) occupational samples. In order to examine construct validity, we explored both two-factor and bifactor models. Our findings provided greater support for the two-factor model (homogeneous sample: χ 2 = 14.032, p = .379, df = 13; CFI = 0.999; NNFI = 0.998; RMSEA = 0.020 [0.000–0.051]; heterogeneous sample: χ 2 = 40.213, p < .001 df = 13; CFI = 0.993; NNFI = 0.985; RMSEA = 0.060 [0.023–0.079]). Our results demonstrated good reliability (ω = 0.797–0.911) and predictive validity, which we tested by exploring the relation of the construct with burnout and psychosomatic symptoms. Our results suggest that the Hungarian version of the CCTF is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring both work-tofamily and family-to-work conflict.
Open Access
A diszpozicionális hála és a mentális egészség kapcsolata várandós nők körében
(2022) Ferenczi Andrea; Kövi Zsuzsanna
BACKGROUND – Becoming a mother, that is the forty weeks of pregnancy, is a highlighted stage of life for a woman. It is a defining period for both the mother and her child, who is to be born. Furthermore, gestation can be understood as a normative crisis as well, during which numerous psychological problems may evolve. Therefore, the preservation of mental health and support provided for women are especially important in prenatal care. GOALS – The purpose of this study is to examine the role of gratitude, appreciation, subjective well-being, and social support – as momentous constructs of health psychology – in assisting mental health in the lives of pregnant women and to explore the relations between these variables. METHODS – 79 pregnant women participated in our online, qualitative investigation; 36 of them had been writing gratitude diaries for 4 weeks. We compared the questionnaires’ results (filled out both before and after the intervention) of the experimental group (n = 36) with the results of the control group (n = 43) similarly filled out on two different occasions. The following instruments were used in our study: Gratitude, Resentment, and Appreciation Test; Appreciation Scale; Subjective Well-Being Questionnaire; MOS Social Support Survey. RESULTS – Higher appreciation and dispositional gratitude correlate with a higher sense of subjective well-being and a better perception of social support. In the experimental group, writing a gratitude diary was followed by a significant positive change in all questionnaires: the scores for gratitude, appreciation, subjective well-being, and social support increased. CONCLUSIONS – Dispositional gratitude that can be improved by such a simple intervention as writing a gratitude diary is a useful means of supporting the mental health of pregnant women and thereby of preserving and promoting their psychological and physical well-being. Besides medical healthcare, expectant women are in particular need of professional mental support, wherefore it is important not only to maintain their physical health but also to introduce new methods that assist mentally the well-being of pregnant persons.
Open Access
Measuring Immersion, Involvement, and Attention Focusing Tendencies in the Mediated Environment: The Applicability of the Immersive Tendencies Questionnaire
(2022) Rózsa Sándor
This study explores the personal predispositions and dependencies while individuals use digital media and communication devices and analyses the statistical features of the Immersive Tendencies Questionnaire (ITQ) that is popular in assessing the personality trait-dependent reaction to mediated environments. The study evaluated 781 healthy graduates and postgraduates, of which 192 were men (average age: 28.6 years) and 589 were women (average age: 28.4 years). We applied several questionnaires to measure immersive tendencies in a mediated environment, adaptive and maladaptive personality predispositions, and problematic Internet use and Facebook addiction scales. We analyze the statistical features of the long and short forms of the Immersive Tendencies Questionnaire. The data obtained support the reliable usage of the short form of the instrument. The factor structure of the questionnaire presents dual facets. First, it indicates an absorptive and immersive tendency in any case of maladaptive tendencies. Second, it reflects an intensive capability to focus on the mediated environment with adequate cognitive control to avoid any contingency of being addicted. The short form of the ITQ is reliable and adequate to assess the relationship between the self-referred and environment-dependent psychological functions.
Open Access
How codependency affects dyadic coping, relationship perception and life satisfaction
(2023) Happ Zsuzsa; Bodó-Varga Zsófia; Bandi Szabolcs Ajtony; Kiss Enikő Csilla; Nagy László; Csókási Krisztina
In this study, we interpret codependency as a dysfunctional pattern of relating to others, and based on this approach, we hypothesized an association with negative forms of dyadic coping, relationship problems and life satisfaction. A total of 246 Hungarian participants (167 females, 79 males), aged 18–72 years (M=35.3, SD=11.6) completed our online survey including measures of codependency, dyadic coping, perceptions of relationship, and life satisfaction. In our cross-sectional research, the Spann-Fischer Codependency Scale (SF-CDS), the Dyadic Coping Inventory (DCI), the Shortened Marital Stress Scale (MSS-R), and the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) were used. Correlational and pathway analyzes were applied to confrm our hypotheses. Codependency was associated with negative dyadic coping, while we found no measurable infuence on positive dyadic coping. Individuals with higher codependency rated both their own and their partner’s negative dyadic coping more pronounced, while at the same time they characterized their relationships as more problematic. Structural Equation Modelling proved that codependent attitudes, along with the emergence of negative dyadic coping forms and perception of relationship problems, reduce a person’s life satisfaction. Overall, it can be stated that the more codependent the participants were, the more negative their own and partner’s behaviour was perceived in stressful situations and the more problematic their intimate relationship was found to be. Our results support the idea that codependency is a specifc, largely stable attitude that determines a person’s perception and behaviour relating to others.
Open Access
„Ahol a kincsed, ott lesz a szíved is.” A materializmus konstruktumának vizsgálata, valamint a Materiális Értékek Skála magyar adaptációja
(2023) Ferenczi Andrea; Takács Szabolcs; Kövi Zsuzsanna; Mészáros Veronika
“Where Your Treasure Is, There Will Your Heart Be.” An Exploration of the Construct of Materialism and the Hungarian Adaptation of the Material Values Scale.

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