Pszichológiai Intézet

Permanent URI for this community

https://krepozit.kre.hu/handle/123456789/338

Browse

Browsing Pszichológiai Intézet by Issue Date

Filter results by year or month
Now showing 1 - 20 of 91
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Szondi Lipót
    (Új Mandátum Könyvkiadó, 1999) Kiss Enikő Csilla
    Szondi Lipótot nyugodt szívvel nevezhetjük a lélek genetikusának. Egész életművének sarokköve egyrészt az emberi sors ösztönökre való lehorgonyozásának szándéka, másrész pedig – és ez új elem a freudi pszichoanalízishez képest – az ösztönök génekre való visszavezetésének a kísérlete. Szondi ösztönelméletének persze több lehetséges értelmezése is van. Legáltalánosabb értelemben egyfajta sorsanalízis, ahol az elődöktől örökölt gének és a választó én szabadsága egymást áthatva és befolyásolva szervezi az egyén életét. Egyfelől van valamifajta kényszer, amely a családi ősöktől áramlik felénk, akik ilyen módon is mintákat és sorslehetőségeket adnak számunkra. Másfelől van a saját szabadságunk, amellyel választunk a rendelkezésre álló minták és lehetőségek közül, amelyek némelyikét beépítjük, másokat viszont nem építünk be személyes sorsunkba. Ez tehát – Szondi zseniális kifejezésével élve – maga az irányítható fatalizmus: az emberi sors genetikailag behatárolt, mégis bizonyos mértékig előre látható és befolyásolható.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    The association between laxative abuse and other symptoms among adults with anorexia nervosa
    (2004) Kovács Dóra; Palmer, R. I.
    The purpose of the current study was to examine the association between laxative abuse and other symptoms and features among adult patients presenting with anorexia nervosa. One hundred and seventeen patients with anorexia nervosa were studied. Laxative abusers and nonabusers were compared. Compared with nonabusers, laxative-abusing patients had higher ratings on the Ineffectiveness, Body Dissatisfaction, and Drive for Thinness subscales on the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI), as well as more depressive and somatization symptoms. There was an association between laxative abuse and low self-esteem. Laxative abuse appears to be associated with especially severe psychopathology and low self-esteem among subjects with anorexia nervosa.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    A személyiség építőkövei
    (Bölcsész Konzorcium, 2006) Mirnics Zsuzsanna
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    A pszichológiai mérés alapjai: Elmélet, módszer és gyakorlati alkalmazás
    (Bölcsész Konzorcium, 2006) Nagybányai-Nagy Olivér
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    A study of affective temperaments in Hungary: Internal consistency and concurrent validity of the TEMPS-A against the TCI and NEO-PI-R
    (2008) Rózsa Sándor
    Background TEMPS-A (Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego — Autoquestionnaire) is a new self-assessed temperament 110-item scale with depressive (D), cyclothymic (C), hyperthymic (H), irritable (I) and anxious (A) subscales. To date, it has been translated into 25 languages, and validated in 10. The present Hungarian version provides the most complete external validation across the Beck Depression Scale (BDI), Profile of Mood States (POMS), the BarOn Emotional Quotient Inventory (BarOn EQ-i), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), and the NEO Personality Inventory — Revised (NEO-PI-R). We were particularly interested in concurrent validation against the TCI and the NEO-PI-R, the most important of the new personality instruments. Methods 1132 clinically-well subjects (27% male) from the general population and university students (16–81 years) were administered the above scales and instruments. The data were tested with standard psychometric batteries. Results Factor analysis revealed 5 factors approximating the original D, C, I, H, and A subscales, which in their superfactor confirmed an Emotional (D, C, I, A) vs. Hyperthymic structure. Except for the D (a = 0.65), the Cronbach alpha for the remainder temperaments ranged from 0.75–0.81. Dominant temperaments ranged from the I (2.7%) to the C (4.2%); the highest prevalence was observed among men with C = 6% and H = 5.4%. The BDI and POMS correlated significantly with the relevant subscales, as did the BarOn. Of the many significant possible correlations with the TCI, the most noteworthy were novelty seeking and harm avoidance with D, A, C, as well as C, and persistence with H. As for the NEO-PI-R, we were struck by the positive correlation of openness with C, and conscientiousness negatively with C; most other positive correlations such as neuroticism with all temperaments but the hyperthymic were expected and strongly supportive of concurrent validity. Limitations Higher educational background of the subjects studied relative to that of the general population of Hungary. The distribution of the data may have in some instances deviated somewhat from the underlying assumptions for the standard psychometric tests for normality. We did not conduct test–retest reliability. Conclusions The factorial structure of the TEMPS-A shows good reliability and internal consistency. Although the superstructure is reminiscent of neuroticism–extraversion, within it are embedded discernible classical affective temperaments. A provocative finding is the high prevalence of cyclothymia in Hungarian males (6%), which is rather unique when compared with the other 10 countries studied to date. This finding, coupled with high male hyperthymia (5.4%), may explain the high lifetime prevalence of bipolar disorders reported from Hungary. Inter alia, our psychometric data along with the foregoing epidemiologic considerations, are very much in line with the cyclothymic-bipolar spectrum model proposed by the senior author [Akiskal, H.S., Djenderedjian, A.H., Rosenthal, R.H., Khani, M.K., 1977. Cyclothymic disorder: validating criteria for inclusion in the bipolar affective group. Am. J. Psychiatry 134, 1227–1233].
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Polluted places or polluted minds?: An experimental sham-exposure study on background psychosocial factors of symptom formation in 'Idiophatic Environmental Intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields'
    (2010) Szemerszky Renáta
    Introduction: 'Idiophatic Environmental Intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields' (IEI-EMF) refers to the perception of subjective symptoms during or following EMF exposure. IEI-EMF has become disproved to be a mostly biologic entity by now, and evidences accumulate to support the role of nocebo effect in the phenomenon. The two aims of this study were to demonstrate the significant role of the nocebo effect in physical symptoms reported at 50Hz frequency of EMF exposure, as well as to explore some psychological factors which may predispose to IEI-EMF. Methods: A total of 40 volunteer university students have completed a battery of psychological questionnaires (expectations; IEI-EMF; state anxiety - STAI-S; dispositional optimism - LOT-R; somatisation - PHQ-15; somatosensory amplification - SSAS) before, and checklists of physical symptoms during sham exposure to "weak" and "strong" EMFs, respectively. Participants were also asked about the extent to which they had perceived the presence of the presumed EMF. Results: Participants with higher IEI-EMF scores expected and experienced more symptoms. Suggestion of stronger EMF exposure resulted in larger symptom scores and enhanced EMF-perception as compared to the presumed weaker exposure. Experienced symptom scores were predicted primarily by somatisation scores, whereas self-rating of IEI-EMF was predicted by somatosensory amplification scores. Conclusion: The results confirm that there is considerable nocebo effect in symptom reports related to 50Hz frequency EMFs. IEI-EMF seems to be formed through a vicious circle of psychosocial factors, such as enhanced perception of risk and expectations, self-monitoring, somatisation and somatosensory amplification, causalization and misattribution.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Polluted places or polluted minds?: An experimental sham-exposure study on background psychosocial factors of symptom formation in 'Idiophatic Environmental Intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields'
    (2010) Szemerszky Renáta; Köteles Ferenc; Lihi Réka; Bárdos György
    Introduction: ‘Idiophatic Environmental Intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields’ (IEI-EMF) refers to the perception of subjective symptoms during or following EMF exposure. IEI-EMF has become disproved to be a mostly biologic entity by now, and evidences accumulate to support the role of nocebo effect in the phenomenon. The two aims of this study were to demonstrate the significant role of the nocebo effect in physical symptoms reported at 50 Hz frequency of EMF exposure, as well as to explore some psychological factors which may predispose to IEI-EMF. Methods: A total of 40 volunteer university students have completed a battery of psychological questionnaires (expectations; IEI-EMF; state anxiety – STAI-S; dispositional optimism – LOT-R; somatisation – PHQ-15; somatosensory amplification – SSAS) before, and checklists of physical symptoms during sham exposure to “weak” and “strong” EMFs, respectively. Participants were also asked about the extent to which they had perceived the presence of the presumed EMF. Results: Participants with higher IEI-EMF scores expected and experienced more symptoms. Suggestion of stronger EMF exposure resulted in larger symptom scores and enhanced EMF-perception as compared to the presumed weaker exposure. Experienced symptom scores were predicted primarily by somatisation scores, whereas self-rating of IEI-EMF was predicted by somatosensory amplification scores. Conclusion: The results confirm that there is considerable nocebo effect in symptom reports related to 50 Hz frequency EMFs. IEI-EMF seems to be formed through a vicious circle of psychosocial factors, such as enhanced perception of risk and expectations, self-monitoring, somatisation and somatosensory amplification, causalization and misattribution.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Somatosensory Amplification as a possible source of subjective symptoms behind Modern Health Worries
    (2011) Köteles Ferenc; Szemerszky Renáta; Freyler Anett; Bárdos György
    The theoretically hypothesized connection between modern health worries (MHWs) and somatosensory amplification (SSA), as well as the factor structure of the Hungarian version of the MHW scale were investigated in a cross-sectional questionnaire study. A total of 163 university students (mean age = 21.3± 2.70 yrs; 44.2% male) and 145 patients (mean age = 49.4±17.51 yrs; 31.7% male) visiting their general practitioners (GPs) completed questionnaires assessing MHWs, SSA, subjective somatic symptoms (PHQ-15), and trait anxiety (STAI-T). The previously described four-factor structure of the MHW scale was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). In the linear regression analysis, participants’ age and SSA scores were positively related to MHWs even after controlling for gender, anxiety, and subjective somatic symptom scores. The conclusions are that: MHWs are indicators of cognitive, behavioral and social level of sensitization for health-related concerns; SSA can provide the somatic background process for generation and/or misattribution of subjective somatic symptoms; better understanding of the cognitive-emotional background of MHWs could help to determine possible interventions.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Medical students on the stage: An experimental performative method for the development of relational skills
    (2011) Csabai Márta
    Background: Development of therapeutic relational skills is a relatively neglected area of medical education. Conventional teaching techniques are mostly unsuitable for the realization of experience-based learning. Aims: To develop a training method which enables lived self-experiences of the therapeutic relationship in class. To help students understand that illness and the doctor-patient relationship are integrated in the network of life histories and other relationships. Methods: Our Integrated Performative Action Method is based on the elaboration of a short story of an illness in a student group. Through the 5 phases of the process, students write their own version of the story, build up characters, scenarios and enact the play. We have tested the method with 6 groups of students (n = 70) in a 10-week course. Video-recordings and minutes of sessions were analysed by two independent observers. Results: Through elaborating the characters and playing the roles, students could speak about their own problems and act out feelings in the name of the characters. All groups had strong involvement throughout the process. Conclusions: The method helps to experience the ways in which therapeutic relationships and professional identities are constructed, reflected upon and communicated in a group of medical students.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    Érzékenységvizsgálatok a statisztikai eljárásokban
    (2012) Takács Szabolcs
    Bizonyos matematikai eljárások fontos, kihagyhatatlan része az úgynevezett érzékenységvizsgálat. E vizsgálat során arra vagyunk elsősorban kíváncsiak, hogy a különböző inputadatok megváltozása következtében feladatunk megoldása (eredménye) milyen mértékben változik − illetve milyen viselkedést mutat. Érdekes kérdés lehet az is, hogy milyen input változások esetén nem módosul a megoldás, ahogyan az is, hogy mely input adatok lesznek nagyobb, mely input adatok pedig kisebb hatással a kimeneti adatok változásaira. A statisztikai kérdésfelvetések során más és más területeken eltérő fogalmi háttérrel vizsgálhatjuk ezt a jelenséget. Ahogy majd látni fogjuk: mást jelent az érzékenység a becsléselméletben, mást egyes hipotézisvizsgálati módszereknél és megint mást jelent az elsősorban modellezésre használt eljárások esetében. Cikkünkben nem kívánunk teljes betekintést nyújtani e vizsgálati mód-szerek széles tárházába és alkalmazásába − pusztán arra vállalkozunk, hogy felvázoljuk e terület széles alkalmazási spektrumát. Szeretnénk továbbá felhívni a figyelmet ezen − általában kiegészítő − eljárások fontosságára. A cikkben nem célunk új matematikai állítások megfogalmazása − sokkal inkább bizonyos kérdések felvetése, melyekre a cikk megírása során tett kutatómunkánk kapcsán nem találtunk megnyugtató válaszokat. A statisztika az egyik leginkább alkalmazott területe a matematikának: számtalan területen jelen van kutatási eszközként, alkalmazói pedig nem feltétlenül matematikusok. Például Prékopa [37] műszaki alkalmazásokat tartalmazó könyve is segédanyagként szolgálhat azok számára, akik nem matematikusként, de műszaki területeken kívánják a statisztikát alkalmazni. Azonban a könyv nem tartalmazza (mert nem is tartalmazhatja) a tudományterület néhány olyan sajátosságát, me-lyek az utóbbi évtizedekben kezdtek teret nyerni, hiszen jellemzően mind számítás-igényes eljárások. Számos tudományterület foglalkozik azzal a kérdéssel, hogy egyes kísérletek végeredménye milyen mértékben, illetve milyen módon függ a bemeneti adatoktól.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Open Access
    A gyógyítók egészsége: a kiégés és a kiégés megelőzése, illetve kezelése
    (ELTE Eötvös Kiadó, 2012) Mészáros Veronika
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Open Access
    Hallgatói kompetenciaértékelés és modellkutatás
    (2013) Hercz Mária; Koltói Lilla; Pap-Szigeti Róbert
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Open Access
    The relationship between the big five personality dimensions and acute psychopathology: mediating and moderating effects of coping strategies.
    (2013) Mirnics Zsuzsanna; Heincz Orsolya; Bagdy György; Kövi Zsuzsanna; Gonda Xénia; Benko A; Molnár Eszter; Jaksic N; Lazáry Judit; Juhász Gabriella
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Open Access
    A hipnózis klinikai alkalmazása az anesztéziában
    (Medicina Könyvkiadó Zrt., 2015) Dr. Jakubovits Edit
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Open Access
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Open Access
    What do conscious citizens see? Role of higher education in setting social priorities
    (Corvinus University of Budapest Digital Press, 2015) Koltói Lilla; Dombi Annamária; Kiss Paszkál
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Open Access
    University degree: a key to success?
    (Corvinus University of Budapest Digital Press, 2015) Dombi Annamária; Koltói Lilla; Kiss Paszkál